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Description: Urban areas are seeing an increasing population of older people and existing approaches to care for them are becoming unsustainable creating a European wide societal challenge. Assistive technology can provide them with security that will enable them to live independently e.g. wearing alarms and tracking devices around the arm or neck to alert carers to falls or their location if they wander. However such technology is often unsightly and stigmatises the user resulting in high abandonment rates.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: COVENTRY UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: SEACELLS addresses fundamental questions in phytoplankton biology from cellular to population scales. Our recent studies of phytoplankton, primitive photosynthetic marine protists that play important roles in ocean biogeochemical cycles, are providing exciting new information on the roles and evolution of membrane transport, cell signalling and metabolic regulation. The research builds on a number of recent findings, including the discovery of cell membrane properties that were thought to be typical of animal cells but now must be considered to be of much more ancient origin. The proposed 5-year programme brings together single cell biophysics, imaging and state of the art molecular biology with in situ studies of natural oceanic phytoplankton populations, focussing principally on two significant groups, the diatoms and coccolithophores. A major aim is to gain critical mechanistic understanding of membrane transport, cellular regulation and key physiological processes at the single cell level along with information on the microenvironment that surrounds cells. This will be used in conjunction with modelling studies to determine how phytoplankton cells regulate their immediate environment and how this in turn interacts with metabolic activity. In order to understand how the physiological properties of single cells in the laboratory translate to behaviour of natural populations we will examine cell physiological properties in natural populations. Knowledge of cell- to-cell variability will provide insights into the plasticity of populations and their responses to changing ocean conditions. Underpinning this is the transfer of single cell technology developed in the laboratory to ship-board platforms. SEACELLS presents a discipline-spanning approach, providing opportunities for cross-fertilization of knowledge and ideas from molecular biology through cell biophysics to in situ oceanography with wide reaching outcomes.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis manifest at the host-microbiota interface. The recently revealed genetic underpinning of IBD points towards an aberrant immune response to the intestinal microbiota. The prediction of genetically-impaired microbial handling is exemplified by key risk genes overlapping between leprosy, an infectious disease, and Crohn’s disease. A vigorous search for microbial triggers of IBD, which could also help explain the rising incidence and prevalence of this debilitating condition throughout the world, via high-throughput sequencing studies have indeed revealed structural alterations of the microbiota (‘dysbiosis’) compared to healthy individuals, although it is methodologically impossible to resolve cause-effect relationships of these associations.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARSOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Based on scientific findings from University of Oxford, and combined with the latest neuroimaging technologies, Mind over Matter is developing a ground-breaking technological solution to ignite and support a global dementia prevention movement.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: MIND OVER MATTER MEDTECH LTD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: MyCorridor mission is to facilitate sustainable travel in urban and interurban areas and across borders by replacing private vehicle ownership by private vehicle use, as just one element in an integrated/multi-modal MaaS chain, through the provision of an innovative platform, based on mature ITS technology, that will combine connected traffic management and multi modal services and thus facilitate modal shift. It will propose a technological and business MaaS solution, which will cater for interoperability, open data sharing, as well as tackling the legislative, business related and travel-behavior adaptation barriers enabling the emergence of a new business actor across Europe; the one of a Mobility Services Aggregator. MyCorridor will prove this paradigm change through a number of European sites, which are performing long distance and cross border Pilots in a corridor of 6 European countries; from the South (Greece, Italy) through to Central (Austria, Germany, the Netherlands) and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic). Those sites will develop Mobility Package tokens, purchased through one-stop-shop and will incorporate the following services: a) Traffic management services b) Services related to MaaS PT interface c) MaaS vehicle related services and d) Horizontal (business related) services. MyCorridor tasks will be undertaken by a balanced consortium that encompasses all key actors, namely 2 key industrial Partners (SWARCO, Tom-Tom), 7 dynamic SME’s in the mobility market (INFOTRIP, CHAPS, WINGS, MAPTM, AMCO, VivaWallet, HaCon), 1 mobility agency (RSM), 1 ITS association (TTS), 4 Research performers (UNEW, CERTH, UPAT, SRFG), 1 multinational Legal Firm with specialisation in novel mobility scheme structuring (OC) and IRU which will act as the liaison to MaaS Alliance. Also, 11 Letter of Supports have been signed by external to MyCorridor service providers, that commit to allow their services integration in MyCorridor platform.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: By overcoming all the limitations of conventional top-down nanostructuring, the NanoStencil project seeks to initiate a new process paradigm for the production of dense arrays of identical nanostructures of precise size, shape and composition. It achieves this by combining the simplicity of structuring with light, with the advantages of molecular self-assembly, to provide a single step, cost effective and state of the art capability for next-generation ordered arrays of nanostructures. New methods to achieve such structures are a vital requirement for the exploitation of devices in the quantum regime. In our approach, laser interference patterning is applied by means of ultrashort pulses to material surfaces at the nanostructure formation phase, where it acts to modify local reaction processes providing energetically favourable sites for the nucleation of self-assembly. The approach is based on some established principles and prior art gained within the consortium, but is yet to be demonstrated at the device scale.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The estimated cost of getting a new medicine to market is now in excess of $2.6 billion, with an additional $300 million (approx.) typically being directed towards post market approval research and development activities (including testing of new indications, new formulations and new dosage strengths and regimens) (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 13, 877 (2014)). These costs have increased >145% since 2003, and reflect an increasingly complex process in which there remains a high chance of failure in the expensive later phases of development.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Cancer is a major social problem, and it is the main cause of death between the ages 45-65 years. In the treatment of cancer, radio therapy (RT) plays an essential role. RT with hadrons (protons and light ions), due to their unique physical and radiobiological properties, offers several advantages over photons for specific cancer types. In particular, they penetrate the patient with minimal diffusion, they deposit maximum energy at the end of their range, and they can be shaped as narrow focused and scanned pencil beams of variable penetration depth. Although significant progress has been made in the use of particle beams for cancer treatment, an extensive research and development program is still needed to maximize the healthcare benefits from these therapies.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Heat exchangers are core components of many energy intensive applications in heating and cooling. They have not benefited from much improvement in performance for many decades. However, European legislation to limit greenhouse gas emissions and the prospect of bans on refrigerants (and the side effect of rising refrigerant prices) is driving change. Oxford nanoSystems is uniquely positioned to help manufacturers and system integrators meet the ambitious timetable of regulations, while saving them money and resources.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: OXFORD NANOSYSTEMS LTD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: New outbreaks caused by bluetongue viruses (BTVs) have emerged in European livestock every year since 1998. These events that have been linked to climate change, resulted in massive losses due to fatalities, reduced productivity, reproductive failures, restricted animal movements/trade, and surveillance/vaccination costs. PALE-Blu brings together European institutes with expertise in BTV research and diagnosis, with partners in endemic regions (Africa, the Middle East and Turkey) that act as a ‘source’ for BTV strains that emerge in Europe.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: In tune with sustainable chemistry, the use of enzymes for synthetic purposes has indeed drawn much attention as it is seen as an eco-friendly process. From another perspective, flow reactor technology represents one of the new strategies introduced in last few years to advance sustainability of organic synthesis and shows many advantages compared with traditional batch methods, including improved heat and mass transfer, efficient mixing of substrates and shorter reactions time. AROMAs-FLOW innovative strategy involves a combination of flow reactor technology and biocatalysis to create an efficient and modern platform oriented to a green production of natural food compounds and capable of extraordinary versatility and reaction innovation. The excellent opportunities offered by using immobilized biocatalysts under flow reaction conditions, represent a research field of certain growth. Twenty target aroma-compounds, three types of enzymes as well as acetic acid bacteria as whole cells have been selected to focus the efforts on specific synthetic problems, and to efficiently implement knowledge transfer to practical applications. The innovative AROMAs-FLOW project will offer an attractive economical incentive to the food industry because of consumers’ preference for natural products, attributed to increasing health- and nutrition-conscious lifestyles, as well as an alternative to traditional agriculture at risk of possible shortages caused by local condition production (climate, pesticides etc.) and the responsible care of natural resources. Furthermore, alternative “natural” routes for flavours production in addition to plants extraction, are becoming increasingly appealing. In agreement with Europe 2020 strategy, the outcomes of my research will reduce the cost of energy consumption and chemical waste with a significant economic and environmental impact on the society.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This proposal is for a personalised decision support system for chronic disease management that will make predictions based on real-time data in order to empower individuals to participate in the self-management of their disease. The design will involve users at every stage to ensure that the system meets patient needs and raises clinical outcomes by preventing adverse episodes and improving lifestyle, monitoring and quality of life. Research will be conducted into the development of an innovative adaptive decision support system based on case-based reasoning combined with predictive computer modelling. The tool will offer bespoke advice for self-management by integrating personal health systems with broad and various sources of physiological, lifestyle, environmental and social data. The research will also examine the extent to which human behavioural factors and usability issues have previously hindered the wider adoption of personal guidance systems for chronic disease self-management. It will be developed and validated initially for people with diabetes on basal-bolus insulin therapy, but the underlying approach can be adapted to other chronic diseases. There will be a strong emphasis on safety, with glucose predictions, dose advice, alarms, limits and uncertainties communicated clearly to raise individual awareness of the risk of adverse events such as hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia. The outputs of this research will be validated in an ambulatory setting and a key aspect will be innovation management. All components will adhere to medical device standards in order to meet regulatory requirements and ensure interoperability, both with existing personal health systems and commercial products. The resulting architecture will improve interactions with healthcare professionals and provide a generic framework for providing adaptive mobile decision support, with innovation capacity to be applied to other applications, thereby increasing the impact of the project.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The management of febrile patients is one of the most common and important problems facing healthcare providers. Distinction between bacterial infections and trivial viral infection on clinical grounds is unreliable, and as a result innumerable patients worldwide undergo hospitalization, invasive investigation and are treated with antibiotics for presumed bacterial infection when, in fact, they are suffering from self-resolving viral infection.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Modern polymeric materials and surfaces are a corner-stone of Europe’s economy and research activities. Materials with novel properties are therefore of great interest. Nature provides us with a rich pool of multifunctional materials that can act as concept generators for synthetic materials. The uppermost layer of plant leaves and flower petals, the cuticle, is a smart polymer composite which a variety of functions, ranging from controlled regulation of water permeability, to the formation of structural colour and sticky or non-friction surfaces. The overall aims of PlaMatSu are (1) to address the challenge of creating new functional polymeric materials and surfaces by studying structure formation and function-property relationships in cuticles and (2) to educate the next generation of scientists who have the necessary interdisciplinary knowledge for turning scientific results into innovation.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: CO2-induced climate change is causing global warming and droughts, resulting in crop yield losses. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is among the most important food crops worldwide, but is very vulnerable to heat- and drought-induced yield losses. The key objective of this project is to experimentally test the potential for increased pod transpiration to enhance bean pod yield under climate-change-associated drought and heat stress. I will fill an empirical void by, for the first time, testing this critical hypothesis in (1) naturally drought- and heat- tolerant tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) using transcriptomic analysis, and (2) by transgenic enhancement of pod-specific stomatal conductance in the stress-intolerant common bean (P. vulgaris). For comparative transcriptomic analysis of Phaseolus pod drought and heat responses I will be trained in RNAseq, and for transgenic experiments I will produce stable Phaseolus transformants and characterise pod water flux by cutting-edge terahertz spectroscopy during the out-going phase in the lab of Prof. Covarrubias at the Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (IBT-UNAM). I have designed a soybean promoter-driven construct that will direct expression of a dominant Arabidopsis allele to enhance Phaseolus pod stomatal opening and this will be compatible for use in many legume crops. To transfer this important agri-tech innovation back to Europe, I will characterise tepary bean and the transgenic plant’s growth and yield responses to a Future Climate Change Scenario during the return phase at the beneficiary, the University of Sheffield (USFD). At the USFD the group of Prof. Gray has unique expertise in stomatal and guard cell responses to elevated [CO2] and combines infrared thermography and infrared-gas analysis to phenotype whole-plant CO2 growth responses. The project uses an interdisciplinary and translational approach to tackle food security issues under climate change.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The goal of the FREYA consortium is to iteratively extend a robust environment for Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) into a core component of European and global research e-infrastructures. The resulting FREYA services will cover a wide range of resources in the research and innovation landscape and enhance the links between them so that they can be exploited in many disciplines and research processes. This will provide an essential building block of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). Moreover, the FREYA project will establish an open, sustainable, and trusted framework for collaborative self-governance of PIDs and services built on them.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Country: United Kingdom
Description: As reported by the European Environment Agency, 70million people in Europe are living in water stressed areas. In the Mediterranean region that figure rises to 53%. Water shortages affect almost every country in Europe and the problem is getting worse. Water consumption per person is increasing significantly; by 55% in the last 25 years.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: PHOENIX PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The three-year REACH project will establish a Social Platform as a sustainable space for meeting, discussion and collaboration by a wide-ranging network of development bodies, tourism, education, creative industries, cultural heritage professionals, academic experts, arts practitioners, professionals in archives and galleries, associations and interest groups representative of non-professionals and local societies, and policy-makers – all those with a stake in research in the field of culture and CH.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: COVENTRY UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The primary aim of ReSolve is to replace the hazardous solvents toluene and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with safe alternatives derived from non-food carbohydrates. Starting from promising bio-based platform molecules, an effective combination of computational modelling, high-throughput toxicity testing and evaluation of application performance will be used to design bespoke bio-based solvents. New structures will not contain the toxic aromatic or N-alkylamide functionalities that make toluene and NMP substances of very high concern. At least one primary apolar and one primary dipolar aprotic substitute for toluene and NMP respectively will be targeted. These solvents will be designed to serve a wide range of applications, will be brought to pilot-scale production at TRL 5. Their sustainability, low health impact and high application performance will also be demonstrated. The provision of safe and economically viable bio-based solvents by ReSolve will allow the full benefit of regulatory restrictions on the use of aromatic and nitrogen-containing solvents to be felt without a negative impact on the economic security of the European solvents industries. The impact of this research is also relevant to thousands of downstream businesses and consumers that are dependent on solvents. Above all, it will positively affect the health and safety of the millions of European citizens who are routinely exposed to solvents as part of their job. Additionally, ReSolve is set-up to produce a pipeline of new solvent candidates meaning that not only will a couple of candidates be taken to TRL 5, but many more candidates for specific applications will also be progressed to TRL 3-4, thus offering greater substitution options for hazardous solvents in the near future.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF YORK
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Social and economic growth, security and sustainability in Europe are at risk of being compromised due to aging and failing railway infrastructure systems. This partly reflects a recognised skill shortage in railway infrastructure engineering. This project, RISEN, aims to enhance knowledge creation and transfer using both international and intersectoral secondment mechanisms among European Advanced Rail Research Universities/SMEs and Non-EU, world-class rail universities including the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (USA), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA), Southwest Jiaotong University (China), Tsinghua University (China), University of California Berkeley (USA), Railway Technical Research Institute (Japan), University of Sao Paulo (Brazil), Iranian University of Science and Technology (Iran) and University of Wollongong (Australia). This project adds research skill mobility and innovation dimension to existing bilateral collaborations between universities through research exchange, joint research supervision, summer courses, international training and workshops, and joint development of innovative inventions. It spans over 4 years from April 2016 to March 2020.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Flexibility needs to be added to Europe’s power system to accommodate an increasing share of variable power generation from renewable sources. Indeed, service quality issues start to arise on the grid when this share in electricity consumption reaches 10%. To meet the EU’s targets for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions this share should rise to 30% by 2030 and up to 50% by 2050. The cost of this transition and the necessary measures to guarantee stable and continuous supply are a major political concern. The SABINA project responds to it by targeting the cheapest possible source of flexibility: the existing thermal inertia in buildings and the coupling between heat and electricity networks it enables.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: SMS ENERGY SERVICES LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: 'The project attempts to test the potential of prospect theory in explaining the strategic choices of countries located in the common neighbourhood between the European Union (EU) and Russia. Under what conditions ruling elites in Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries select EU or Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU) as integration projects? The theoretical expectation is that different values of gains and losses, judged against a given 'reference point', are associated with one or another integration project and may be at work in the selection of strategic choices of EaP countries. Prospect theory, a Nobel Prize-winning theoretical construct, has roots in cognitive psychology, but it has uncovered its extraordinary potential to explain decisions under conditions of uncertainly and risk in behavioural economics. The attempts of importing the insights of prospect theory into political science are slowly growing, but there is yet a long way ahead until political science will fully integrate them into its ontological agenda. The proposed project is going to be a pioneering application of prospect theory to the strategic alternatives faced by countries located in the common neighbourhood between the EU and Russia.'
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: KING'S COLLEGE LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Sharing Cities has four key objectives.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: SHARK will unlock the potential for laser texturing for the generation of functional surfaces by boosting the productivity, efficiency and flexibility of the process. This will provide the European industry with a highly robust, cost effective and environmentally friendly system that is capable of producing a broad range of functional surfaces at industrial scale throughputs, and place Europe in an unassailable lead in this key area of manufacturing.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY CENTRE LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: SIMRA seeks to advance understanding of social innovation (SI) and innovative governance in agriculture, forestry and rural development (RD), and how to boost them, particularly in marginalised rural areas across Europe, with a focus on the Mediterranean region (including non-EU) where there is limited evidence of outcomes and supporting conditions. These objectives will be achieved by:
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Compact satellites are transforming space-based surveillance systems. Typical configurations include a network of small satellites that can offer increased coverage and enhanced data collection rates when compared to conventional large scale systems. Microsatellites can also drastically reduce launching costs and mission development time, thus making remote sensing technologies more cost effective. Applications include vehicle tracking, weather monitoring, maritime surveillance, crop growth analysis, and climate change observation. However, with satellite miniaturization, new design aspects arise. All satellite components have to be cleverly packaged within a small payload and materials must accommodate the harsh operating environments of space.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Smart Separations (SSL) has developed a proprietary ceramic filter that can be tailored to suit many different applications in the underdeveloped, yet global microfiltration industry.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: SMART SEPARATIONS LTD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This project will generate the first ever theoretically and empirically-grounded comparative and comprehensive picture of the status and legal experiences of asylum-seekers across Europe claiming international protection on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI), and determine how the European asylum systems can treat more fairly asylum claims based on the claimant’s SOGI. Every year, thousands of individuals claim asylum in Europe based on their SOGI, and more often than not their claims are treated unfairly, especially considering the disproportionately high rate of refusals on these grounds. There have been very limited attempts to address this issue, and this research will overcome this gap by carrying out a study more comprehensive than any other done in this field in the past, and producing outcomes that are unparalleled in terms of their reach.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX
Country: United Kingdom
Description: StandICT.eu defines a pragmatic approach to reinforcing EU expert presence in international ICT standardisation. By setting up, managing & monitoring a continuous open call, StandICT.eu will provide a streamlined process supporting the participation & contribution of EU specialists in SDOs & SSOs in the 5 essential building blocks of the Digital Single Market (DSM), viz.: cloud computing, 5G communications, IoT, cybersecurity & data technologies. Through a Standards Watch, StandICT.eu maps & monitors the international ICT standards landscape & then liaises with SDOs, SSOs & industry-led groups, identifying gaps & priorities which match EU DSM objectives: These will become topics for the continuous open call. Engagement will be supported through a series of motivational drivers, maximising impact & high-level commitment to standardisation from a broad stakeholder base. Specifying & strategically addressing DSM standardisation challenges, StandICT.eu analyses how to bolster EU’s presence and influence in international ICT standardisation & importantly the business impact on digital transformation on industry & consumers in strategic sectors such as eHealth, smart energy, intelligent transport systems & advanced manufacturing. The Consortium Partners have a history of contributing to ICT Standards arena & consolidating a highly influential international network. Trust-IT: Expert SME in communicating benefits of standards in ICT. Fraunhofer SCAI: Institute for applied research contributing to development of standards with an active role in different SDOs. The Consortium is supported by an Expert Advisory Group of 15 members. Main Project outputs are: 1 web platform with interactive global ICT standards map & online open call facility, 10 ICT standards priority reports, 1 continuous open call with 10 bimonthly cycles for applications, targeting 1000\ proposals, 300\ specialists supported, 50\ external evaluators, and 8 ICT standards workshops.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: TRUST-IT SERVICES LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: STARRY (STARs that ‘R’ Young) is a twin site EID that will provide training to 2 inexperienced researchers in the development of sophisticated research tools in order to exploit, interpret and analyse astronomical data from state-of-the-art observatories in the field of star formation. The joint training programme is provided by world experts in stellar astrophysics at the University of Leeds, UK and in developing, maintaining and exploiting space science data archives at ISDEFE in Madrid, Spain.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
Country: United Kingdom
Description: STEMM-CCS is an ambitious research and innovation project on geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage that will deliver new insights, guidelines for best practice, and tools for all phases of the CO2 storage cycle at ocean Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites. It brings together the main operator (Shell) of the world’s first commercial scale full-chain ocean demonstration CCS project (Peterhead Project) with the leading scientific and academic researchers in the field of ocean CCS. The work performed in STEMM-CCS will add value to this existing operational programme, and fill gaps in future capability by providing generically applicable definitive guides, technologies and techniques informing how to select a site for CCS operations, how to undertake a risk assessment, how best to monitor the operations, how to provide information on fluxes and quantification of any leakage; necessary for the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and to guide mitigation/remediation actions. All of this information will be used to better communicate the case for offshore CCS, with a particular focus on communities directly and indirectly impacted. During STEMM-CCS we will perform a simulated CO2 leak beneath the surface sediments at the site to be used for CCS as part of the Peterhead project. This experiment will be used to test CO2 leak detection, leak quantification, impact assessment, and mitigation/remediation decision support techniques currently at the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) stage 4-5 and support their development to a higher TRL. In addition, using new geophysical approaches STEMM-CCS will develop tools to assess leakage from natural geological features (e.g. chimneys) and engineered structures such as abandoned wells. The Peterhead project will commence during the life of STEMM-CCS and so a unique aspect is the focus on a real-world ocean CCS site covering its initial phases of implementation, with direct involvement of industrial partners.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Country: United Kingdom
Description: TALK© is a communication tool which aims to guide multi-professional clinical teams learning and improving quality of patient care and patient safety together. It is a simple and practical approach to multi-professional structured feedback and debriefing, to be used after unplanned learning events in clinical environments.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: CARDIFF AND VALE UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This project aims to design and develop novel Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and techniques that facilitate scalable and secure information systems and data exchange between Transmission System Operator (TSO) and Distribution System Operator (DSO). The three novel aspects of ICT tools and techniques to be developed in the project are: scalability – ability to deal with new users and increasingly larger volumes of information and data; security – protection against external threats and attacks; and interoperability –information exchange and communications based on existing and emerging international smart grid ICT standards.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: As the FCHT industry gradually emerges into the markets, the need for trained staff becomes more pressing. TeacHy2020 specifically addresses the supply of undergraduate and graduate education (BEng/BSc, MEng/MSc, PhD etc.) in fuel cell and hydrogen technologies (FCHT) across Europe.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The primary objective of the Advanced Landing Gear Sensing and Monitoring (ALGeSMo) project is to bring together a world-class team from across Europe to deliver a state-of-the-art optically-based load monitoring system for aircraft landing gear. This will yield a step change in the way landing gear is utilised and managed in operational and flight situations, leading to a new paradigm in aircraft availability and operability. This will assist the development of European capability within this domain such that Europe will be well-positioned to provide state-of-the-art equipment to future aircraft development.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: MEGGITT (UK) LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: TREASURE will provide specialist training in the strategic and emerging area of European GNSS.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The need for levels of availability and scalability beyond those supported by relational databases has led to the emergence of a new generation of purpose-specific databases grouped under the term NoSQL. In general, NoSQL databases are designed with horizontal scalability as a primary concern and deliver increased availability and fault-tolerance at a cost of temporary inconsistency and reduced durability of data. To balance the requirements for data consistency and availability, organisations increasingly migrate towards hybrid data persistence architectures comprising both relational and NoSQL databases. The consensus is that this trend will only become stronger in the future; critical data will continue to be stored in ACID (predominately relational) databases while non-critical data will be progressively migrated to high-availability NoSQL databases. Moreover, as the volume and the value of natural language content constantly grows, built-in support for sophisticated text processing in data persistence architectures is increasingly becoming essential.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: The Open Group Limited
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Many victims of psychological trauma suffer from recurrent intrusive trauma memories. According to Dual-Representation Theory (DRT), intrusive memories reflect functional deficiencies in the brain’s hippocampal system, which fails to translate the egocentric perceptual impressions of the trauma into viewpoint-independent (or allocentric) spatial representations. This proposal tests this assumption and explores allocentric memory training as a potential novel intervention against intrusive memories.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: In an expanding world with limited resources and increasing uncertainty, optimisation and uncertainty quantification become a necessity. Optimisation can turn a problem into a solution, thus the main focus of this ETN is to explore and develop new approaches to treat uncertainty in complex engineering systems and use novel optimisation techniques to efficiently deal with large scale problems with many objectives and uncertain quantities. It is generally recognised, in fact, that neglecting the impact of uncertainty on the design of any system or process can lead to unreliable design solutions. Common approaches that make use of safety margins to account for uncertainty in design and manufacturing are not adequate to fully capture the growing complexity of engineering systems and provide reliable and optimal solutions.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind the functioning of cells and their interior has long been a biology-only enterprise. This view has radically changed in the last decade or so, culminating in the invention of a whole new field, named 'cell physics', which uses the tools of physics to gain a more quantitative and deeper understanding of the inner working of a cell. The aim of my research fits broadly in this new field, although the scale of the computational studies which I plan are thus far unprecedented. I will focus my programme on the spatial organisation of DNA and chromosomes, proteins, and DNA-protein networks within the intracellular environment. I will therefore aim to answer questions such as: How is DNA organised in living cells, such as bacteria and eukaryotic nuclei? What is the role of proteins in DNA and chromosome folding in vivo? How does genome organisation differ in healthy and sick nuclei? How do proteins and RNA move around and self-organise into supramolecular structures in the crowded intracellular environment? I propose to work on the simulation and theoretical side of these problems, while maintaining very close collaborations with key experimental players in these fields who will provide me with a large number of experimental data (obtained by more sophisticated version of the original well-known 'chromosome conformation capture' technique) to maximise the impact and output of the modelling work.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This research project critically examines ‘toxic expertise’, the contested politics of making scientific claims about the health impacts of toxic pollution. Toxic expertise has a double meaning: scientific expertise about the effects of toxic pollution, and the toxic nature of expertise that is used to justify a lack of corporate social responsibility. The research focuses on the global petrochemical industry as a significant but controversial source of toxic pollution, with unequal regulations and risks across different countries and populations. Debates about the global petrochemical industry reflect conflicting interests between jobs, prosperity, and health. This research contributes to interdisciplinary social scientific research on science and technology, environmental justice movements, and the uneven geography of capitalism. In particular, it develops sociological arguments that scientific ‘expertise’ is inherently political and socially constructed. This mixed method comparative research will be conducted in three stages. The first stage will examine toxic expertise in the leading global petrochemical companies and environmental non-governmental organisations in Western Europe, North America, and China. The second stage will focus on in-depth case studies in the United States and China, two of the top petrochemical producers in the world. The third stage will develop an international public resource of toxic expertise to address practical challenges of capacity and scale inherent within both dominant and citizen-led epidemiology, by developing accessible information and tools for understanding, monitoring, and reporting toxic pollutants and their health impacts. The project offers the first systematic sociological analysis of the global petrochemical industry in relation to environmental justice, responding to calls within critical social science for the democratisation of science which highlight the need for greater accountability and transparency.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Rivers rank among some of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, and are the focus of costly restoration programmes that cost billions to taxpayers. Much of Europe depends on water from rivers for drinking, food production, and the generation of hydropower, which is essential for meeting the EU renewable energy target. Yet only half the EU surface waters have met the WFD’s 2015 target of good ecological status, due in part to the fragmentation of habitats caused by tens of thousands of dams and weirs which also pose a flood hazard. Some barriers are old and out of use, but may have historical value, while the life span of others will soon come to an end and may need to be removed. But barriers also provide energy, water, fishing and leisure opportunities, and may also help to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. Improving stream connectivity has been flagged as one of the priorities for more efficient stream restoration but effective rehabilitation of ecosystem functioning in European rivers needs to take the complexity and trade-offs imposed by barriers into account.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: SWANSEA UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The goal of the research is to redefine the interrelations between the concepts of legitimacy, sovereignty, the public sphere and democracy in order to develop a conception of a more inclusive and participatory public sphere.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Ongoing digital innovations have changed mindsets and raised expectations. Consumers are no longer interested in simply finding the best price, but they want to have a great experience. ‘Brick and mortar’ stores play an indispensable role in retail; however, they face huge challenges. The rise of ecommerce giants threatens to force retailers to close their stores. Plus, younger generations have higher expectations, which contributes to a higher rate of churn.
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Description: Arcis Biotechnology Holdings developed and patented PROSKit, a molecular diagnostic platform for the diagnosis of prostate cancer based on urine analysis, able to reduce the number of false positive from the PSA test and so the number of unnecessary biopsies. PROSKit is a proprietary mix of chemicals, that can stabilise nucleic acids (RNA/DNA) in urine for up to 2 weeks at room temperature and then allow sampling at home or Point of Care (PoC) using a patient-friendly sample collection technology, preserving unstable RNA biomarkers and analysis in specialized clinical environment through the PCA3 biomarker. With respect to current diagnostic methods (PSA \ biopsy), PROSKit offers i) Rapid- samples ready for analysis in <3 minutes, results in <2 hours if tested at surgery, compared to days for biopsy, ii) Accurate- greater sensitivity and specificity than current PSA blood test: PCA3 presents a 28% higher discriminative capability than PSA; iii) Inexpensive- as informative as multi-core biopsy for <10% of the price; iv) High throughput- PROSKit samples can be collected anywhere, non-invasively and thousands analysed simultaneously at a central location. Compared to competitors proposing RNA stabilization requiring laboratory analyses, complex procedures and specific tools, PROSKit offers stabilization at room temperature and with no lab equipment in 3 minutes. Intact amplifiable RNA biomarkers have already been validated for 7 days stability but needs to extend validation for >14 days, validate the protocol for patients to collect urine and analysts to perform assay; certify design of PROSKit device and cost for the device and define agreement with partners for distribution and license for execution of tests. DNA/RNA Sample preparation business market revenues are expected to reach 1.85 billion € in 2025. Kits segment represents 60% of the market: 1.11 billion € in 2025.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: ARCIS BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This project will address directly the two most important unanswered questions in particle physics: the Standard Model (SM) hierarchy problem and the nature of dark matter (DM). The SM was recently completed with the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. We know, however, that the SM cannot be the end of the story for fundamental physics, because it suffers from two major flaws: a lack of stability for the mass of the Higgs boson (the hierarchy problem), and a lack of a candidate for the invisible DM particles known to make up most of the matter in the universe. I will address both of these key problems of modern physics by searching at the LHC for new beyond the SM (BSM) partner states for the SM top quark decaying to new DM particles. The greatly increased quantities of data and world-record collision energies generated by the LHC in the next three years will provide an unprecedented opportunity to find such top partners. Confirmation of their existence would solve the hierarchy problem by providing a mechanism for stabilising the mass of the Higgs boson, while first observation of DM at the LHC would revolutionise our understanding of cosmology and provide a key pointer to the physics of the very early universe. Many leading BSM physics models predict the existence of both top partners and DM, and so this interdisciplinary project provides a unique opportunity to take the next major step forward in developing a unified theory of nature. I will focus on top partners which decay to a top quark and a DM particle, with the former decaying purely to jets and the latter escaping the detector unseen. I will use novel kinematic techniques developed by me to identify and characterise this signal in LHC data, and also accurately measure for the first time the dominant SM background process of associated production of top quarks and a Z boson, which is of great theoretical interest in its own right.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The aim of this project is to establish how the quantum state of an aspherical nanoparticle can be coherently interfaced with a superconducting circuit. Its main efforts can be summarized by two goals: (i) We will develop the theoretical tools required to manipulate the ro-translational quantum state of a levitated nanoparticle possessing a monopole and higher multipole moments by connecting it to a superconducting qubit. (ii) We will investigate how entanglement between the nanoparticle and the circuit can be exploited for earth-based macroscopic interference experiments and for coherence-enhanced force and torque sensing. Networking levitated nanoscale objects with quantized electrical circuits and qubits combines the high Q-factors and isolation of the former with the scalability and control of the latter. This project will point the way towards new fundamental tests of quantum physics and towards quantum technology.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Here, we will develop new enzyme-degradable polymers for the preparation of polyion complex (PIC) particles based of antimicrobial molecules with low charge densities. The main goals are:
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The core intellectual aim of BIOSEC is to explore whether concerns about biodiversity protection and global security are becoming integrated, and if so, in what ways. It will do so via building new theoretical approaches for political ecology.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The BlueHealth Consortium brings together a multi-disciplinary team of experts reaching across all 28 European Union countries. The proposed 5 year BlueHealth Project takes an international, interdisciplinary and multi-sector approach to health promotion and disease prevention by investigating the relationship between the EU’s ‘blue infrastructure’ and the health and well-being of its citizens. Blue infrastructure refers to the network of natural and man-made aquatic environments providing a range of multi-sectorial services (e.g. transportation, fresh water provision). There has been no systematic attempt to detail the potential impacts of our blue infrastructure on health promotion and disease prevention, nor to develop guidelines on how health should be considered when developing blue infrastructure interventions, particularly across sectors. BlueHealth will address this gap.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Medicinal chemistry requires more efficient and diverse methods for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral scaffolds. Over 60% of the world’s top selling small molecule drug compounds are chiral and, of these, approximately 80% are marketed as single enantiomers. There is a compelling correlation between drug candidate “chiral complexity” and the likelihood of progression to the marketplace. Surprisingly, and despite the tremendous advances made in catalysis over the past several decades, the “chiral complexity” of drug discovery libraries has actually decreased, while, at the same time, for the reasons mentioned above, the “chiral complexity” of marketed drugs has increased. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a notable acceleration of this “complexity divergence”. Consequently, there is now an urgent need to provide efficient processes that directly access privileged chiral scaffolds. It is our philosophy that catalysis holds the key here and new processes should be based upon platforms that can exert control over both absolute and relative stereochemistry. In this proposal we outline the development of a range of N-heteroannulation processes based upon the catalytic generation and trapping of unique or unusual classes of organometallic intermediate derived from transition metal insertion into C-C and C-N sigma-bonds. We will provide a variety of enabling methodologies and demonstrate applicability in flexible total syntheses of important natural product scaffolds. The processes proposed are synthetically flexible, operationally simple and amenable to asymmetric catalysis. Likely starting points, based upon preliminary results, will set the stage for the realisation of aspirational and transformative goals. Through the study of the organometallic intermediates involved here, there is potential to generalise these new catalytic manifolds, such that this research will transcend N heterocyclic chemistry to provide enabling methods for organic chemistry as a whole.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Childhood obesity is currently at epidemic rates, with serious risks for cardiovascular disease in adulthood and premature death. Obesity is known to accelerate the initiation of endothelial dysfunction and alter the hemodynamics in young arteries. In alignment with urgent EU and worldwide policies on understanding childhood adiposity, we propose to develop a novel and safe computational tool to study numerically, for the first time, the obesity-altered hemodynamics in children and adolescents. The project aims to transfer the non-invasive computational fluid dynamic technology to the paediatric practice and enable personalised prediction of cardiovascular disease and effective decision-making. Within a multi-scale modeling framework, the proposed study seeks to utilise high-fidelity state-of-the-art numerical methods and develop new ones, for the implementation and coupling of the 3D flow in anatomically realistic arterial geometries with macroscopic and microscopic information, ensuring high stability and accuracy of results. In conjunction with clinicians, the study will perform patient-specific numerical simulations, correlated with medical data, and help towards individualized treatment planning, with a significant impact on the quality of life of the young patient. This multidisciplinary perspective is fundamental in elucidating early vascular changes induced by obesity and predict cardiovascular disease risks, while protecting the young population.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Autonomous driving technologies have recently drawn enormous research attention. It is predicted that autonomous driving will become the most promising form of future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and will gradually gain market traction in the coming decade. Although several automobile manufacturers have recently demonstrated prototypes, a great number of technical challenges should be addressed in order to reap the full potential of autonomous driving. This project aims to pioneer a framework that leverages innovative multimedia communication and processing technologies for efficient sensor data exchange in order to support autonomous driving application over vehicular cloud networks (VCNs). The project is unique in its ground-breaking integration of two challenging technical aspects over VCNs: multimedia-driven vehicular wireless communications and network-aware adaptive multimedia processing. The interaction and mutual promotion between these two aspects will enable each to design more efficient operational procedure and protocols.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Social media can have an impressive impact on civic engagement and political discourse. Yet increasingly we find political actors using digital media and automated scripts for social control. Computational propaganda—through bots, botnets, and algorithms—has become one of the most concerning impacts of technology innovation. Unfortunately, bot identification and impact analysis are among the most difficult research challenges facing the social and computer sciences.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The dissipation of heat in traditional silicon (CMOS) based electronics is a major source of inefficiency and environmental impact. Superconductors are, by nature, dissipationless. Computing via logic circuits based on Josephson junctions is also faster, but the largest remaining problem is the lagging development of low-temperature memory. To achieve the promised efficiency increases of these computers requires a new type of low-temperature memory architecture.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Political science conceptualises state-market relations as balancing acts between the public sphere (the state or government) and the private sphere (the market, dominated by large corporate bodies). The expansion of the global market has been led by the rise of large and highly mobile multinational firms. Since many of these companies command turnover comparable to the GDP of middle size states, globalisation is often seen as a global shift of power from states to markets, where corporate power stems from centralisation of resources, capital and structural influence over politics and society.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: CITY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: In real world decision-making, such as public security, social choice or recommender systems, we have a large body of data from various networked heterogeneous information sources or individuals that often conflict with each other and provide inconsistent knowledge. It is a challenging task to yield an optimal consensus decision, given the range of individual decisions obtained in terms of these knowledge sources. This research proposal aims to create a novel mathematical and computational framework for trust based social choice in networks and with uncertain knowledge by merging multiple individuals’ preferences in an adaptive manner to reduce the disagreements among them, and automatically seek a decision or provide a recommendation with a maximal consensus. To achieve our goal, we propose to bring together, for the first time, four previously disparate strands of research: social network analysis, fuzzy preference modelling, multiple attribute group decision-making and game theoretic modelling of malicious users. As a showcase the proposed framework will be incorporated to an e-health recommender platform to increase healthy lifestyle in cancer survivors.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Insects pollinate 80% of crop plants in Europe and pollination services contribute €22 billion to the European economy annually. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is the most extensively managed pollinator species, yet populations are declining. Understanding the biology of the honeybee and and factors contributing to its decline is critical for food security and maintenance of biodiversity.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
Country: United Kingdom
Description: International environmental law (IEL), with multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) as its main component, has not been able to address the underlying causes that are responsible for the socio-ecological crisis of the Anthropocene and it seems unable to respond to this crisis. By providing the fellow with a sustained opportunity to interrogate IEL’s principal MEAs in the context of the Anthropocene, this project seeks to investigate a) the normative implications of the Anthropocene for law and IEL specifically; b) explain why and to what extent MEAs have contributed, and have been unable to respond to, the Anthropocene’s socio-ecological crisis; and c) to propose a global ecological custodial framework of care (GLEC-Law) to reform these MEAs. Lawyers have been unable to present a comprehensive solution to MEAs' deficiencies and failures, while Anthropocene scientists have been unable to meaningfully translate their insights into the juridical domain. Responding to this knowledge gap, this multi-disciplinary project brings together an experienced researcher and an internationally recognized research group with global expertise to problematize the failures, deficiencies and potential of MEAs in the Anthropocene and to propose reforms of these MEAs. The fellow brings expertise on environmental law, governance and constitutionalism to the host and secondment institutions, including access to global and global South networks, while contributing to establishing the host as a leading multi-disciplinary European center of excellence in law, governance and Anthropocene studies. The fellow will gain methodological and doctrinal training in IEL and Anthropocene related sciences. The project’s scientific importance, operationalised through its 3 work packages and associated scholarly impact and dissemination activities, lies in its original contribution as the first multi-disciplinary study to view MEAs through the lens of the Anthropocene and its associated constructs.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Company: We (ebb3 Ltd), an accredited specialist systems integrator are developing software in partnership with market leading technology providers (Cisco, Citrix & Nvidia). Our partners have been selected specifically for their interoperability and global market positioning. ebb3 will use our partners existing software and hardware components as the foundation to provide and manage a common GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) accelerated computing platform.
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Description: ECO_REBUS aims to get a closer understanding of the process through which firms adopt and operate public voluntary eco-innovation policies, a kind of policy that has become increasingly central in policy makers’ agenda. To achieve this objective, the project assigns a specific role to the concept of business model, defined as the configuration of customer sensing, customer engagement, value delivery and monetization components, that captures causal links between value creation and value capture at the business level. Specifically, the project will integrate the literature on eco-innovation and the one on business model to address how and why business model can make eco-innovation a central part of the firm’s value creation and appropriation. To do this, ECO_REBUS will investigate -by a cognitive and processual perspective- the phases through which public voluntary eco-innovation policies are adopted and operated by firms.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The motion of strongly gravitating fluid bodies is described by the Euler-Einstein system of partial differential equations, combining fluid dynamics with general relativity. Centuries after their advent, the solution to these equations remains mathematically and computationally difficult, and the break-down of well-posedness on the boundary interface between fluid and vacuum remains a challenging open problem. The problem manifests itself in numerical simulations of binary neutron-star inspiral. The program will focus on formulating and implementing novel, well-posed Hamiltonian hydrodynamic schemes, suitable for inspiral simulations and gravitational-wave detector applications, with promising mathematical and computational applications in academia and industry. The scheme will use a variational principle by Carter-Lichnerowicz stating that barotropic fluid motions are conformally geodesic, a corollary of Kelvin's circulation theorem stating that initially irrotational flows remain irrotational, and Christodoulou's acoustic metric approach adopted to 3\1 numerical general relativity, in order to evolve the canonical momentum of a fluid element via Hamilton's equations. The recent observation of the inspiral and merger of binary black holes by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, which marked the beginning of the era of gravitational wave astronomy, makes this work very timely: additional observations from binary neutron star or black hole–neutron star binary mergers are anticipated over the next years. The proposed research represents a coherent program aimed at mathematically and computationally exploring the theory of neutron stars, in order to improve our understanding of fundamental physical laws and reveal how nature operates on scales where our current understanding breaks down. Improvements in calibrated semi-analytical neutron-star gravitational waveforms can be directly deployed in the LIGO-Virgo search and parameter estimation pipelines.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARSOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: 'The nature of dark matter (DM) is arguably the biggest mystery in fundamental physics. Many experimental efforts are underway which aim to detect this elusive matter and measure its properties, using a wide variety of techniques, however to make full use of this data a combined statistical analysis must be performed which makes use of the data from all these experiments simultaneously, and compares this data to the predictions of many different theories while including all uncertainties, correlations and theoretical nuances self-consistently. Analyses of this kind are known as 'global fits'. I propose to use a newly developed, open-source global-fitting tool called GAMBIT to perform the largest and most robust combined statistical analysis of DM data to date. To do this I will extend the capabilities of GAMBIT to allow it to work with a class of models known as 'effective theories' which efficiently parameterise the degrees of freedom relevant to experiments at a particular energy scale, so that a global fit can be performed in a fully model-independent way. This will require several connected layers of effective theory to be utilised, to account for the different energy scales involved in the diverse set of DM experiments currently underway. The project is highly interdisciplinary and makes use of recent theoretical developments and experimental results in high energy physics, particle astrophysics, astronomy, nuclear physics, and computational statistics. The proposal will generate a transfer of knowledge to the host institution while developing the candidate's theoretical expertise in new directions, particularly particle astrophysics. The results of the project will be of wide use to the dark matter community, both in terms of direct analysis results and via the development of open-source computational tools for use in future analyses, and will provide robust guidance to experimentalists as to which dark matter candidates are the most promising.'
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Liver fibrosis (hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis, etc) represents an enormous health burden responsible for ~1.03 millions death per year worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Fibrosis is also a common outcome of many chronic diseases of the kidney (diabetic nephropathy), lungs (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), heart and vasculature (heart failure). In pathologies where fibrosis is a feature, there is an increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagens that dramatically limit tissue function. Herein we propose to develop a cell-based assay for high-throughput screening of new antifibrotic therapeutics, which will accelerate fibrosis drug development. Our approach consists in the metabolic incorporation of an alkene-tagged proline in the biosynthesis of collagen, followed by labelling with a fluorescent tetrazine. We recently published preliminary results that provide proof of principle for the use of proline derivatives equipped with reactive handles to tag and label collagen structures. However, this approach suffered from nonspecific reactions of the fluorescent probe with intracellular proteins. The level of selectivity conferred by the proposed inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction is key in enabling its use in cells. We will use hepatic stellate cells since these cells are responsible for excess collagen production during liver fibrosis. To demonstrate that the cellular model can be used to screen compounds for fibrosis we will validate our system using a library of compounds with known preclinical antifibrotic activities. We will test if their in vivo efficacy can be predicted using cells. If our findings are significant we will use this cellular model to screen a commercial available library of compounds to find new antifibrotic drugs. The efficacy of the best candidate will be tested in vivo using two animal models of induced fibrosis.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARSOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Mathematical modelling has played a central role in understanding the fundamental characteristics and behaviour of ecological systems for over a century. In microbial systems, modelling has attempted to reveal the dynamics and interactions of simple co-cultures of organisms in chemostats through to more complex systems with highly diverse functionality. In real-world processes, such as engineered biological systems, EBS, (activated sludge, anaerobic digestion), the former models are incomplete for characterisation of the functional microbial diversity, whereas the latter models are intractable to mathematical analysis, rendering them as inadequate. The Fellowship will investigate the suitability of current mechanistic approaches to modelling for EBS using chemostat theory, but also exploring the analysis of higher dimensional models. The fellow will undertake their outgoing phase at McMaster University to develop their skills in dynamical system theory, applied to real-world systems and observed microbial ecological behaviour in various forms. This will include the use of both analytical and numerical methods to understand system stability and the detection of emergent properties. Recent advances in the understanding of the limits of classical Monod-type growth functions has given rise to new approaches including stochastic and diffusion-based models. However, mathematical investigation of these alternative concepts is not yet fully realised. The fellow will bridge the gap between microbial ecological theory, modelling and mathematical theory to understand the practical possibilities and predictive capabilities that can be exposed when rigorous analysis is achieved. As part of the return phase, he will spend a period at INRA, France, to investigate the validation and application of the models to real systems. This will be continued at Newcastle University, where dissemination of the outputs, including a dedicated software tool will be also be carried out.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The aim of the research is to support the career development of an experienced researcher through an interdisciplinary project that tackles a crucial policy issue for cities globally, that of urban regeneration governance. Developing a novel interdisciplinary conceptual framework, and applying a stakeholder evaluative frame in the analysis, the project explores the governance of urban regeneration projects in two world cities, Vancouver and London.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: MarginScapes aims to bring together large-scale, multi-temporal and multi-source geospatial analysis to identify long-term sustainable land use strategies in arid regions, with a special focus on investigating the dynamics between past desert populations, climate change and the availability of water. Many populations inhabiting drylands maintain traditional strategies, the origin of which can be traced to distinct socio-ecological contexts. However, in recent decades, intensification of anthropogenic influence has caused a rapid transformation of the landscape and an alarming intensification of the processes has led to desertification, increasing the sensitivity and vulnerability of these regions to climate influences and, ultimately, endangering the preservation of archaeological and cultural landscapes.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARSOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: METRO-HAUL is a project proposal addressing the Horizon 2020 ICT-07 5G PPP call; it is an RIA, focusing on strand 2 (high capacity elastic – optical networks) and strand 3 (software networks). The central topic is cost-efficient optical metro networks for 5G backhaul.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Complex networks are an essential ingredient of modern life, and underpin integral parts of our biological, physical, technological and socio-economic universe. Thus far, such networks have been mainly represented as graphs. However, while graphs can capture pairwise interactions between nodes, fundamental interactions in networks often take place between multiple nodes. For example, in socio-economic networks, the joint coordinated activity of several agents (e.g. buyer, seller, broker); the formation and interactions of coalitions; the emergence of peer pressure; and the existence of triadic closure are all prevalent.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are the principal sites of star formation. The derivation of cloud properties are complicated by their large spread in distance along the line of sight. Consequently, to gain insight into the GMCs' physical states one compares parsec-sized clouds of a few hundred solar masses in the solar neighbourhood to the largest, million-solar-mass GMCs in the distant Milky Way.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The effective management of human-dominated tropical forest landscapes is crucial in the wake of global environmental change affecting biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and the livelihoods of billions. To ensure success of such ecological management, it is essential that both planning as well as implementation is informed by long-term ecological knowledge rooted in robust scientific inquiries. Examples of science-based ecological management are rare largely due to paucity of high-resolution past ecological modelling studies that are capable of producing tangible analogues and policy-relevant information on a multi-decadal timescale. To bridge this gap in the light of India’s National Agroforestry Policy (NAP) and its wider relevance to other tropical countries, EARNEST harnesses the recent past to provide guidelines for current-future ecological management of human-dominated tropical landscapes. Adopting innovative statistical approaches (e.g. REVEALS modelling, rarefaction and multivariate ordination) well-founded on palaeoecological science, EARNEST examines the resilience of Indian agroforestry landscapes in relation to past landscape burning and climatic transitions and delivers state-of-the-art understanding of the efficacy of fires in forest management and its implications for the efficient implementation of NAP. Under the MSCA flagship, EARNEST develops this policy-relevant Excellent Science in a highly-skilled, interdisciplinary and equitable European environment, offering unprecedented opportunities for the Fellow to acquire the right technical, management and leadership skills through advanced methodological training and international mobility. Enabling transfer of her newly developed knowledge through open-access publications, conferences, public events and benefit-sharing actions in India will add to her competence in devising and leading high-impact and policy-oriented research, increasing her employability in both academic and non-academic sectors.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE OPEN UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Concrete, owing to its availability, easy preparation and fabrication, is the most popular construction material. However, the cement industry is facing unprecedented challenges caused by energy resources and CO2 emissions. Despite the incremental improvements in process efficiency adopted by the cement industry in recent years, OPC production is still responsible for around 6% of all man-made global carbon emissions. The proposed project aims to develop green concretes by using novel geopolymer materials as new binder and recycled concrete as part of the aggregates. The geopolymer is a type of amorphous alumina-silicate products. It can be synthesized by poly-condensation reaction of geopolymetric precursor and alkali polysilicates, which are available in natural materials or from industrial by-products. Geopolymer materials represent an innovative technology that is generating considerable interest in the construction industry, particularly in light of the ongoing emphasis on sustainability. However, although numerous geopolymer systems have been proposed, most are difficult to work with and require great care in their mixing process. Furthermore, the lack of long-term performance and durability data is also a barrier to the acceptance and widespread commercial use of geopolymer concretes in the construction industry. The proposed research will cover not only the finding of novel geopolymers but also provide long-term performance and durability data for geopolymer concretes used in different environments. The research outcome will have a great impact on our understanding of how geopolymer concretes perform in different environments and how their mechanical properties and performance can be improved by using correct mixing processes. The research will also provide vital information on how to revolutionise the production of concrete materials and how to engineer concrete binders using different geopolymers to tailor the properties of the resulting concrete.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH
Country: United Kingdom
Description: There are currently 1.3 million Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles on Europe’s roads, expected to rise to 15 million by 2030. Customers such as Audi, Daimler and Volvo have set a target 10% weight and cost reduction for CNG tanks, to increase efficiency and reduce vehicle cost.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: NETCOMPOSITES LIMITED
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Abundant, cheap and clean source of energy is fundamental to preserve global environment and sustained economic growth. Solar energy is considered as the ultimate solution in this regard. Among the three generations of solar cells developed with this objective, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells with demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 22 % have bagged the greatest attention. Despite the impressive PCE, lower cost and facile processing opportunities for hybrid perovskite solar cells, their commercialization is not yet realized; poor stability, lack of robustness to subtle variations in processing, and Pb toxicity being the bottlenecks. We take up the view that pursuing fundamental understanding of the photophysics and photovoltaic process of these highly efficient lead halide perovskites can contribute to tackle their instability issue and also to the development of Pb free organic-inorganic halide perovskites with analogous optical and photovoltaic performance to that of former, expediting their market entry. Apart from photovoltaic sector, the fundamental knowledge evolved through this project is expected to have direct impact on the fabrication of high performing photodetectors, lasers, and light emitting devices based on hybrid perovskite materials. This interdisciplinary project lying at the interface of material science, physics and chemistry is expected to bring a breakthrough in perovskite solar cell research arena.The proposed project will utilize the applicant’s expertise in the fabrication of high efficient organic and perovskite solar cells in combination with world leading scientist Prof. Ifor Samuel’s expertise on photophysics aspects of thin film solar cells and the excellent infrastructure facilities at the host institution. In implementing this ambitious project, I will gain expertise on the photophysics and photovoltaic processes (under real operating conditions) of hybrid perovskite thin films and solar cells.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The aim of this Project is to create an International and Intersectoral network to facilitate the exchange of staff to progress developments in reminding technologies for persons with dementia which can be deployed in smart environments. The focus will be on developing staff and partner skills in the areas of user centered design and behavioral science coupled with improved computational techniques which in turn will offer more appropriate and efficacious reminding solutions. This will be further supported through research involving user centric studies into the use of reminding technologies and the theory of behaviour change to improve compliance of usage.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This interdisciplinary project will explore texts composed by the fourteenth-century Constantinopolitan Patriarch Philotheos Kokkinos, with a threefold focus on:
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Geological materials are used in significant quantities for construction purposes, structurally and for cladding, but are subject to damage, deformation and deterioration through natural weathering processes in combination with the stress state induced in service. As a consequence, structural performance can be reduced, durability is compromised and there may be aesthetic or heritage issues with regard to preservation of the original structural form. Currently, such issues are addressed either through initial overdesign, implementation of maintenance programmes, or both. The proposal seeks to explore the potential for providing such materials with the ability to self-heal – to automatically respond to damage or deterioration, instigating a healing process that restores or even enhances the desirable structural or aesthetic properties. Such technology will take inspiration from, and work in parallel with, current research into self-healing in cementitious, polymeric and other engineering materials.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Modern aeronautical structures are increasingly made of composite materials due to their well-known benefits. Composite materials have however a wide range of possible failure modes, implying lengthy and expensive structural inspection processes for modern aircrafts. Ultrasonic guided wave technologies are nowadays confined in baseline subtraction approaches, where structural damage can be detected but not identified. This is due to lack of efficient techniques for predicting wave interaction with damage in composite structures.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This project aims to advance our understanding of the electronic structure of high Tc cuprate superconductors. In particular,
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The humanitarian fight against trafficking in the sex industry legitimizes the enforcement of increasingly restrictive migration laws and controls, which often exacerbate sex workers’ vulnerability to being trafficked. SEXHUM adopts an art-science interdisciplinary approach bringing together visual anthropology, sociology, gender and queer studies and human geography to study the relationship between migration, sex work, exploitation and trafficking. It contextualizes this relationship within the global onset of sexual humanitarianism, a concept coined by the PI. It refers to the ways migrants are increasingly represented, understood and targeted by the media, policymakers and social interventions as vulnerable to exploitation and abuse in relation to their sexual orientation or behaviour. SEXHUM adopts a migration studies perspective and a participative approach to focus on migrant sex workers addressed by sexual humanitarianism as victims of trafficking. It reappraises the concepts of exploitation, slavery and trafficking through the lens of how they are understood and experienced by migrants.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: KINGSTON UNIVERSITY HIGHER EDUCATION CORPORATION
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The proposal is devoted to the study of a large class of systems of partial differential equations which on one hand appear in classical problems of mathematical physics and on the other hand they provide an efficient tool for description of enumerative invariants in algebraic geometry. These systems are called the hierarchies of topological type or the Dubrovin-Zhang hierarchies. Based on the new approach to such systems, which I suggested recently, I aim to prove certain conjectures about the structure of hierarchies of topological type, describe them explicitly in important examples and also find connections to other areas in the theory of integrable systems.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Persistent socioeconomic cleavages between world-leading and late industrialising peripheral countries threaten the post-crisis recuperation and undermine the sense of solidarity necessary to address the world’s most pressing challenges. Attenuating core-periphery asymmetries will be contingent on the ability of peripheral countries to generate sustainable economic growth, but there is no simple solution to achieve this. My project will address this challenge through a direct analysis of the productive and institutional structures of the two largest and most diversified peripheral economies, Spain and Korea, between 1985 and 2011. Using detailed case-studies of three industries based on a modified Global Value Chain methodology, the research will explore the character of state-firm interactions in these two countries and their role in shaping strategies for economic transformation as they upgraded from mid- to high-income economies. I will contend that upgrading in Spain and Korea was based on three factors: proactive states, coherent state structures, and symbiotic or co-dependent state-firm interactions. However, I will show that variations in the strategic and financial resources of state and firms, and in the influences of role-model countries, led Spain and Korea to pursue a different sectoral specialisation in complex services and manufacturing respectively. The research will be carried out at the University of California San Diego and the London School of Economics. The output will consist of a monograph and three academic papers. This project will enhance my career prospects by establishing me as an expert in economic transformation, expanding my publication record, developing my skills in international project management, and strengthening my international professional networks in the US and Asia. No less importantly, the results of the project will contribute to current European goals for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: There is an increased demand for high temperature structural materials suitable for use at>1400°C, including heat exchangers, Generation IV nuclear reactor components (e.g. control rod sheath & fuel constituents), the receiver materials of concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, high temperature thermoelectric devices and static components in gas turbines and aero engines. Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) exhibit especially high melting temperatures and include the diborides and carbides of zirconium and hafnium (ZrC & HfC). Unfortunately, UHTCs also suffer from poor fracture toughness, relatively poor oxidation resistance and are very difficult to process since the densification temperature required is also very high. EREMOZ will address these challenges by using a non-conventional process route along with a combination of fibre reinforcement and rare earth dopants. Specifically, processing will be based on the energy efficient process of chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) rather than more conventional sintering; the former allows dense composites to be produced at much lower temperatures. The poor fracture toughness will be improved by the introduction of silicon carbide fibres (SiCf) or carbon fibres (Cf), which enhance resistance to crack propagation. Finally, oxidation resistance will be improved by the introduction of second phases, such as those based on silicon and/or rare earths, which facilitate the formation of oxide scales that inhibit oxygen diffusion. The outcomes from this project will be three fold, to:
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
Country: United Kingdom
Description: 'Recent studies states that 'Devices will continue to grow in volume and variety, and the forecast for connected devices by 2020 is 200 billion and climbing'. The increase of connectivity brings a drastic impact on the increase of cyber attacks. Protecting measurements are not enough, while finding who did the attack is a crucial for preventing the escalation of cyber attacks.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Modern computing devices execute complex software to provide every-day services and applications. The development of such software is challenging, time consuming and costly. It involves writing a program code, testing it and debugging it, namely finding an error in the code and correcting it. It is estimated that debugging costs an estimated 312 billion USD a year. The most successful commercial debugging tools are reversible debuggers. They allow the users to undo an execution of a faulty program, to find and correct errors, and then to run the corrected code forwards again. UndoDB by Undo Software is the top reversible debugger currently on the market. However, even the best reversible debuggers are not suited very well to debugging of concurrent programs. Moreover, it is not universally agreed yet how to reverse the code of concurrent or distributed software. This project aims at addressing these shortcomings by exploiting the promising notion of causally-consistent reversibility as the basis for reversible debugging tools. Novel formal models and new techniques for recording, analysis and replay of concurrent programs will be created. An execution engine for the shared-memory and message-passing styles of programs will be developed in a close collaboration with Undo Software and Erlang Solutions, the leading software companies. The scientific outcomes will be turned into an experimental prototype software, called Reversible CAusally-consistent DEbugger (RCADE), which will extend and enhance commercial debugging tools, especially for concurrency.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The latest advances and integration of several key technologies such as wireless communications, low-power sensing, embedded systems, Internet protocols and cloud computing, have enabled the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. However, the ever-growing deployment of the visual sensing applications within IoT deployments is expected to strain the network and cloud infrastructures used to deliver and store massive amounts of visual data. To partly address these challenges, prototypes of neuromorphic visual sensors, a.k.a. dynamic vision sensors (DVS), have been produced in the last two years. Instead of the conventional raster scan of video cameras, DVS devices record pixel coordinates and timestamps of reflectance events in an asynchronous manner, thereby offering substantial improvements in sampling speed and power consumption. ENVISION argues that, in order to fully exploit the advantages of neuromorphic sensing for IoT applications, such devices should be coupled with appropriate transmission and storage mechanisms that would take advantage of the visual data properties to achieve even higher bandwidth, power and storage efficiency. The ENVISION project aims at developing such data-driven delivery and storage algorithms based on advanced network coding techniques for data acquired by both conventional frame-based video cameras and DVS devices. Specifically, ENVISION is pursuing three interconnected research objectives: (i) designing advanced content-driven network codes for efficient transmission of the visual content captured by neuromorphic and conventional visual sensors to the cloud service under bandwidth and power constraints, (ii) developing novel content-aware network codes for storage of the visual content under the cost-performance optimisation framework, and (iii) investigating approximate decoding techniques including both the theoretical analysis of the performance and the implementation of practical low-complexity decoders.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Large scale data analytics is the key research domain for future data driven applications as numerous of devices produce huge volumes of data in the form of streams. Analytics services can offer the necessary basis for building intelligent decision making mechanisms to support novel applications. Due to the huge volumes of data, analytics should be based on efficient schemes for querying large scale data partitions. Partitions contain only a piece of data and a dedicated processor manages the incoming queries. The management of continuous queries over data streams is a challenging research issue requiring intelligent methods to derive the final outcome (i.e., query response) in limited time with maximum performance. The management process of continuous queries involves their assignment to specific processors and the processing of the derived responses. We focus on a group of query controllers serving the incoming queries and, thus, becoming the connection of big data systems with the real world. INNOVATE proposes solutions for the management of the controllers behavior. We propose an intelligent decision making process for each controller in three axes: (i) top-down, by realizing a mechanism that assigns queries to the underlying processors; (ii) bottom-up, by proposing decision making mechanisms for returning responses to users/applications on top of early results; (iii) horizontal, by proposing optimization schemes for queries management. We adopt a pool of learning schemes and an ensemble learning model dealing with how and on which processors each query should be assigned. We also propose specific schemes for combining processors responses. Intelligent and optimization techniques are adopted for the controllers group management. Machine learning, Computational Intelligence and optimization are the key adopted technologies that, when combined, provide efficient solutions to a challenging problem like the support of intelligent analytics over big data streams.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Confronting past atrocities is essential to consolidate democracy and human rights protection. Truth and justice initiatives investigating crimes perpetrated at the national level have long been occurring. Yet, accountability for transnational crimes is a pending issue in scholarship and practice.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: A Growing body of evidence indicates that the marine environment and human health are inextricably linked. These linkages encompass both risks to health and wellbeing, and a range of potential benefits and opportunities. However, much of this early evidence has been established in the US, under the rubric of the integrative meta-discipline of “Oceans and Human Health” (OHH). Far less is known about these issues in other parts of the world, including the European context which faces its own set of unique challenges and opportunities.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Country: United Kingdom
Description: While cancer survival rates have improved significantly in recent years, survival decreases dramatically after tumour metastasis. One of the most common sites for metastatic tumours to develop is bone. Intriguingly, evidence suggests that once they have invaded the bone marrow, individual metastatic cancer cells can persist for years in a quiescent or “dormant” state, and are resistant to both radiation and chemotherapy treatment. These dormant cells can reside for months or years while the cancer is in remission, and then “reactivate” without warning to form new, usually fatal, skeletal lesions. Tumour cells achieve this by “hijacking” the normal bone remodelling cycle, a homeostatic balance between bone formation and resorption, to form a metastatic niche within the marrow. However, the signalling mechanisms that cause metastasis and dormancy, particularly in such a mechanically active environment, are poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this project is to investigate the chemical and physical interactions between bone and cancer cells, both during dormancy and mechanical stimulation, to provide new insight into bone metastatic lesions and explore novel therapeutic targets to prevent cancer metastasis. This will be achieved by culturing specific bone and cancer cell types together for the first time to observe changes in their signalling and behaviour. Dormancy will also be induced, to observe its effect on changes in signalling. Mechanical stimulation will be applied to investigate whether the complex mechanical environment of the bone marrow plays a role in cancer metastasis. Finally, a specific cellular mechanosensor, the primary cilium, which has been implicated in the development of cancer and is known to be involved in bone formation, will be investigated. This will shed new light on its chemosensing and mechanobiological roles in cancer metastasis, as well as explore its potential as a novel target for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Among the most pressing questions in physics are the nature of dark energy and dark matter. The former is the driving force behind the current accelerated expansion of the Universe while the latter accounts for the vast majority of matter and is responsible for the growth of the large-scale structure in the Universe. No satisfactory explanation has been put forward for either of these two mysterious substances, however. Future cosmological surveys, such as Euclid, will elucidate the nature of dark matter and dark energy by measuring the distribution of matter and the growth of structure in the Universe to unprecedented accuracy. These high-precision measurements put stringent requirements on the accuracy of the modelling and statistical tools. At small scales, the uncertainty in the modelling of baryonic processes is already restricting the potential of current cosmological surveys and, if not addressed promptly, will preclude future surveys from reaching their mission science goals.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Track&Know will research, develop and exploit a new software framework that aims at increasing the efficiency of Big Data applications in the transport, mobility, motor insurance and health sectors. Stemming from industrial cases, Track&Know will develop user friendly toolboxes that will be readily applicable in the addressed markets, and will be also investigated in additional domains through liaison activities with running ICT-15 Lighthouse projects. Track&Know integrates multidisciplinary research teams from Mobility Data management, Complex Event Recognition, Geospatial Modelling, Complex Network Analysis, Transportation Engineering and Visual Analytics to develop new models and applications. Track&Know recognizes that Big Data penetration is not adequately developed in niche markets outside the traditional verticals (e.g. Finance) and so the Track&Know Toolboxes will be demonstrated in three real-world Pilots using datasets from niche market scenarios to validate efficiency improvements. Performance and impact benchmarks are elaborated and will be documented during pilots deployment. The Track&Know consortium is composed by complementary partners, coming from addressed research, technological and commercial domains, that have a proven track record of high quality research capacity. Thus, the carefully structured workplan, embodies a holistic approach towards meeting the Track&Know objectives and delivering market-relevant outcomes of significant exploitation potential.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: INLECOM SYSTEMS LTD
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The protein interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a highly conserved ubiquitin-like modifier important for innate immune responses in mammals. ISG15 is highly abundant in cell lysates and enriched on the phagosome of interferon-activated macrophages. In humans, lack of ISG15 leads to increased susceptibility to infection by mycobacterial pathogens that reside in the phagosome of macrophages. However, both ISGylation events and their role are poorly characterized. This is partly due to the lack of analytical tools for the identification of ISGylation sites in cells. Here, I propose to develop a proteomics strategy to enrich and identify ISG15 targets that will also allow characterizing the interplay of ISG15 with ubiquitin. I will apply this method to analyze how ISGylation changes in response to Salmonella infection in macrophages. In order to understand the mechanisms that lead to susceptibility to intracellular pathogens, I will further use these approaches to test how ISGylation affects phagosome biogenesis in macrophages. ISG15 substrates identified in my proteomics screens will be validated and further characterized using biochemical, cell biological and immunological tools. Altogether, this data will provide new functional insights how ISG15 regulates defense mechanisms against bacterial infections.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This project will use the compositions and crystal cargoes of erupted magmas to study pre-eruptive behaviour of magmatic systems. The aim is to understand their relationship to, and control on, periodicity and style of volcanic eruptions to mitigate hazards and risks. To do this we will undertake detailed description of the whole-rock composition and mineral chemistry of volcanic rocks from active intra-plate and subduction-related volcanoes. New knowledge about zircon behaviour will then be considered in the context of these well-constrained systems.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA
Country: United Kingdom
Description: WaMStrIn will re-evaluate the relationship between human settlement and the changing hydrological network of the Indus area of Pakistan during the emergence of first urban centres in ancient South Asia (2500-1900 BC). The ancient Indus was the most extensive of the three so-called cradles of Old World civilisation and a number of attempts have been made to trace the network of palaeorivers that watered this region and sustained its ancient population. Using a novel combination of multi-temporal satellite remote sensing, GIS-based topographic analysis, geostatistics and network analysis WaMStrIn will overcome previous problems in the detection of ancient rivers and associated archaeological sites. In doing so WaMStrIn will provide new hypotheses and quantifiable open access data on (1) past water management, (2) the mechanism employed to cope with changing water availability and (3) the consequences of a long-term shift towards more arid conditions for South Asia's earliest large-scale, urban, and interconnected society.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARSOF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Country: United Kingdom
Description: The selective transformation of alkanes is an area of contemporary importance with wide-ranging implications for organic synthesis and the effective use of petroleum resources. While homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a potentially powerful means for achieving this objective, the fundamental organometallic chemistry of alkane activation reactions has proven to be exceedingly difficult to investigate due to the weakly interacting nature of alkanes. To address this knowledge gap and provide the foundation for future advancement of the field, ENTANGLED-TM-ALKANE outlines a systematic approach for the study of pivotal sigma–alkane complex intermediates; nominally transient and extremely reactive metal-alkane adducts formed through coordination of an intact C–H bond to the metal centre. Inspired from supramolecular chemistry, the approach involves the innovative use of systems containing alkane substrates held in close proximity to reactive metal centres through mechanical entanglement within supporting tridentate macrocyclic ‘pincer’ ligands (i.e. alkane based [2]rotaxanes and [2]catenanes). Through the interwoven topology of these systems, problematic dissociation reactions of sigma–alkane complexes will be circumvented, facilitating isolation and ultimately enabling their structure and reaction chemistry to be probed in much greater detail than has been previously possible. The project objectives are to: (a) develop and use new synthetic (supramolecular) methodologies for the preparation of these mechanically interlocked metal-alkane assemblies; (b) systematically investigate the organometallic chemistry of the metal centre and its interaction with the entangled alkane; and through variation of the macromolecules’ components (macrocycle donors and geometry, alkane, metal), (c) compile a definitive and unprecedented body of qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationships for the activation alkanes using transition metals.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Fish living in polar oceans have evolved an elegant, macromolecular, solution to survive in sub-zero water: they secrete antifreeze (glyco)proteins (AFGPs) which have several ‘antifreeze’ effects, including ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) - they slow the rate of ice crystal growth. Ice crystal growth is a major problem in settings as diverse as oil fields, wind turbines, road surfaces and frozen food. Analysis of the process of cryopreservation, whereby donor cells are frozen for later use, has revealed that ice recrystallization is a major contributor to cell death upon thawing. Enhanced cryopreservation methods are particularly needed for stem cell storage to maximize the use of this currently limited resource, but also to enable storage of clinically transfused cells such as platelets and red blood cells. AFGPs have thus far not found application in cryopreservation due to their low availability from natural sources, extremely challenging synthesis, indications of cytotoxicity, but more importantly they have a side effect of shaping ice crystals into needle-shapes which pierces cells’ membranes, killing them. The aim of this ambitious project is to take a multidisciplinary approach to develop synthetic polymers as tunable, scalable and accessible bio-mimetics of AFGPs, which specifically reproduce only the desirable IRI properties. Precision synthetic and biological methods will be applied to access both vinyl- and peptide- based materials with IRI activity. The bio-inspired approach taken here will include detailed biophysical analysis of the polymer-ice interactions and translation of this understanding to real cryopreservation scenarios using blood-borne cells and human stem cells. In summary, this ambitious project takes inspiration from Nature's defense mechanisms that have evolved to allow life to flourish in extreme environments and will employ modern polymer chemistry to apply it to a real clinical problem; cryopreservation.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Country: United Kingdom
Description: Multidrug resistant bacteria that render worthless the current arsenal of antibiotics are a growing global problem. This grave challenge could be tackled by polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are gigantic modular enzymatic assembly lines for natural products. PKSs could be developed for industry to produce chemically difficult to synthesize drugs, but cannot be harnessed until we understand how they work on the molecular level. However, such understanding is missing because we cannot easily investigate large complexes with current structural biology and modeling methods. A key puzzle is how the function of these multicomponent systems emerges from atomic-scale interactions of their parts. Solving this puzzle requires a holistic approach involving measuring and modeling the relevant interacting parts together.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This proposal presents unique and innovative approaches for ultra-high-resolution functional electrochemical imaging of living cells, using smart nanometer probes that will enable the investigation of bio-physicochemical process within a single living cell with unprecedented sub-cellular resolution. Truly nanoscale electrochemical probes will be developed that shall be capable of performing multiple in-situ and time-resolved electrochemical measurements, and synchronously map cell topography. This will bring a whole analyses laboratory onto a probe tip in a new conceptual idea of a “lab-on-a-tip”, which is at the core of this proposal. Using PC12 cells as an exemplar, we will investigate cellular uptake/release, cellular membrane charge heterogeneity (down to the single protein) and temperature gradients, as well as chemical and environmental aspects to respiration. The developments from this proposal will represent a major breakthrough in functional electrochemical imaging and will elucidate key cellular processes. This developments will have a huge impact on life sciences and on the electrochemical imaging field and, granted the wide applicability of electrochemical imaging, will be hugely beneficial for other areas of science. The proposal is highly interdisciplinary, and there is a natural fit between the Fellow’s profile and activities at the Host Group and collaborators in Life Sciences. The proposal draws on the Fellow’s solid background in chemistry and instrumentation development, which will be married with the world-leading research on new nanoscale functional imaging techniques of the Warwick Host. With support and expertise from the Host, this project will provide the applicant, Gabriel N. Meloni, with an outstanding opportunity to pioneer a new area of science, from which he will benefit in the future as he develops his independence. The project build and strengthen scientific links between the Gabriel’s home country (Brazil) and groups in Europe.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Country: United Kingdom
Description: This proposal presents unique approaches for the characterization of charged interfaces and interfacial phenomena at the nanoscale in ionic liquid (IL) media, through the implementation of innovative, quantitative high resolution scanning probe (electrochemical) microscopy techniques. The overarching goal is to introduce new methodology that will enable a comprehensive understanding of interfacial phenomena in these neoteric solvents and bring major new insights on the functional properties of surfaces and nanomaterials. The scientific scope of this project involves: (i) the characterization and mapping of the electrical double layer at IL/electrode interfaces; (ii) visualization of reactivity at the nanoscale using functional imaging techniques and; (iii) single-entity electrochemistry in ILs, from individual nanoparticles (NPs) to single molecules. The reactivity mapping and single NP studies will focus on assessing the electrocatalytic activity of novel nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, nanotubes, metal and metal-oxide NPs) towards the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, which are of fundamental and technological (e.g., fuel cells, lithium-air batteries, water splitting etc.) importance. The research proposal is highly interdisciplinary, and there is a natural synergistic fit between the Fellow’s profile and activities at the Host Warwick group. The proposal draws on Fellow’s strong background in electrochemistry, particularly his expertise in applying ILs in fundamental and applied electrochemical research, which will be married with the world-leading research on innovative nanoscale electrochemical imaging techniques developed at Warwick. With considerable support and world-class expertise from the Host group and its collaborators, this project will provide the applicant, Dr. Cameron Bentley, with an outstanding opportunity to develop personally and professionally, by pioneering a new area of research in a new geographic location.
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Group: Projects completed before 1 January 2021
Coordinator: THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Country: United Kingdom
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